Differences Between Brushed and Brushless DC Motors

One of the most basic forms of DC motor is the brushed DC motor. It usually consists of a stator (a pair of permanent magnets) and a rotor (a motor coil) coupled to a commutator. Armature winding is on the rotor in this motor, while permanent magnets are always on the stator. Current-carrying conductors are always found on the rotating portion. These wires are powered by a direct current power source in practice. The electricity is transferred to the coil by metallic brushes that rotate with the rotor. Although these motors are highly efficient, they do require brush cleaning on a regular basis.

Instead of using a controller to switch current in the windings, brushed motors use mechanical commutation of the windings via brushes. Brushes charge the commutator with a polarity opposite that of the stationary magnet, causing the armature to rotate. When these windings become charged, they generate a magnetic field whose attraction and repulsion keep the rotor spinning. To keep the rotor moving within the stator field, the windings are constantly energized in a varied sequence as the rotor rotates.

Brushes are utilized to transfer current to the motor windings through commutator contacts in electric motors.

Brushless DC motors, as their name suggests, do not use brushes. Commutation is not used in brushless DC motors to regulate current flow inside the coils. Electrical commutation is used to deliver the current, which results in an AC electric signal that drives the motor.

Permanent magnets are attached to the rotor in this motor. On the stator are the current-carrying conductors, also known as armature windings. They use electrical commutation to turn electrical energy into mechanical energy, unlike brushed motors.

Current-carrying commutators are absent in brushless motors. An amplifier actuated by a commutating device, such as an optical encoder, switches the field within a brushless motor.

These components are important parts in fan coil units, and efficient implementation and maintenance of these components are essential for proper operation and functioning of fan coil units.

1. Commutation

Brushed DC Motor: Mechanical commutation is used to transmit current to the motor windings via brushes.

Brushless DC Motor: The current is delivered via electrical commutation.

2. Range of speeds

Brushed DC Motor: When compared to BLDC, this figure is lower.

Brushless DC Motor: Due to the lack of brushes and a commutator, the score is high.

3. Control

Brushed DC Motor: Simple

Brushless DC Motor: Complex and costly

4. Noise generated by electricity

Brushed DC Motor: Brushes with arcs cause noise.

Brushless DC Motor: Low

5. Inertia of the rotor

Brushed DC Motor: Inertia of the rotor is higher, limiting the dynamic characteristics.

Brushless DC Motor: Because the rotor uses permanent magnets, the cost is low. It improves dynamic response time.

6. Maintenance

Brushed DC Motor: Periodic upkeep is required.

Brushless DC Motor: In the lack of brushes, there is less of a need for them.

7. Characteristics of speed and torque

Brushed DC Motor: Brushes have a low mechanical limit.

Brushless DC Motor: There are no mechanical limits at this level.

8. Efficiency

Brushed DC Motor: Moderate

Brushless DC Motor: High

9. Life

Brushed DC Motor: Short

Brushless DC Motor: Long

10. The expense of construction

Brushed DC Motor: In comparison to BLDC, the price is lower.

Brushless DC Motor: Because it uses permanent magnets, it is more expensive.

11. Controller

Brushed DC Motor: There is no need for a controller.

Brushless DC Motor: To keep the motor going, a controller is always required.

12. Construction

Brushed DC Motor: Fixed magnets are installed on either side of the rotating electromagnet; armature winding is on the rotor.

Brushless DC Motor: The stator has armature winding, while the rotor has fixed magnets.

13. Applications

Brushed DC Motor: Home appliances, children's toys, industrial applications, medical equipment, robotics and drones, as well as electric cars and power tools, are all examples.

Brushless DC Motor: Industrial uses, such as drones, washing machines, fan coil units, pumps, and blowers, as well as electric automobiles, hybrid vehicles, and electric bicycles.

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